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                <h1 id="ActiveMQ入门"><a href="#ActiveMQ入门" class="headerlink" title="ActiveMQ入门"></a>ActiveMQ入门</h1><h2 id="消息"><a href="#消息" class="headerlink" title="消息"></a>消息</h2><blockquote>
<p>“消息”是在两台计算机间传送的数据单位。消息可以非常简单,例如只包含文本字符串;<br>也可以更复杂,可能包含嵌入对象。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="消息队列"><a href="#消息队列" class="headerlink" title="消息队列"></a>消息队列</h2><blockquote>
<p>消息队列是在消息的穿徐过程中保存消息的容器</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="应用场景"><a href="#应用场景" class="headerlink" title="应用场景"></a>应用场景</h2><p><strong>主要特点是：异步处理！！</strong><br><strong>主要目的是：减少请求响应时间和解耦合</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>异步处理：<br>  将主要是减少请求时间，并且不需要同步响应的操作作为消息放入消息队列中，<br>解耦合：<br>  将消息放入消息队列中，用规定的消息格式，消息发送方和接收方不需要彼此的进行联系，即是解耦合  </p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://s1.ax1x.com/2020/09/17/wWVgWq.png" alt="示意图"></p>
<h3 id="异步处理"><a href="#异步处理" class="headerlink" title="异步处理"></a>异步处理</h3><p><strong>用户注册：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><p>注册处理以及写入数据库（一般我们写到这一步）</p>
</li>
<li><p>发送注册成功的手机短信</p>
</li>
<li><p>发送注册成功的邮件信息</p>
</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>&gt; 在以前我们是直接让一个线程去做注册功能，注册--&gt;后台接受--&gt;调用发信息的方法，不是异步的操作，特别耗费请求的时间
&gt;
&gt; 现在我们用两个线程去操作，一个线程去向消息中间件中发消息，让邮件发送或者短信发送的服务去消息中间件中取消息，然后取到消息再做对应的业务操作。</code></pre>
<h3 id="应用解耦"><a href="#应用解耦" class="headerlink" title="应用解耦"></a>应用解耦</h3><p><strong>订单处理：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><p>在购物车中点击结算</p>
</li>
<li><p>完成支付</p>
</li>
<li><p>创建订单</p>
</li>
<li><p>调用库存系统</p>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>在这个场景下就能很好的体现：<br>如果没有消息中间件，那么就是一个线程去执行所有的操作，在创建订单之后，需要等待库存系统中做了发货处理（一般这个操作是有一定的时间的）那么用户网购后就需要在当前页面等待好几个小时才能跑完整个流程。十分的不友好。</p>
<p>用消息中间件，我们创建订单后向消息中间件中发送订单的信息，库存系统自己去消息中间件上获取，然后做发货的处理，更新库存，这样子能够体现出异步处理的方式，也能够把订单业务和库存系统的业务完全解耦，而且速度还是很快。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="流量削峰"><a href="#流量削峰" class="headerlink" title="流量削峰"></a>流量削峰</h3><p><strong>秒杀流程</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>用户点击秒杀</li>
<li>发送请求到秒杀应用</li>
<li>在请求秒杀应用之前将请求放入到消息队列</li>
<li>秒杀应用从消息队列中获取请求并处理</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>比如,系统举行秒杀活动,热门商品。流量蜂拥而至 100 件商品,10 万人挤进来怎么办?10 万秒杀的操作,放入消息队列。秒杀应用处理消息队列中的 10 万个请求中的前 100个,其他的打回,通知失败。流量峰值控制在消息队列处,秒杀应用不会瞬间被怼死.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="JMS模型"><a href="#JMS模型" class="headerlink" title="JMS模型"></a>JMS模型</h2><blockquote>
<p>JMS(Java Messaging Service)是 Java 平台上有关面向消息中间件的技术规范,它便于消息系统中的 Java 应用程序进行消息交换,并且通过提供标准的产生、发送、接收消息的接口,简化企业应用的开发。</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>点对点模型</strong></p>
<p>生产者发送一条消息到 queue,只有一个消费者能收到。</p>
<p><img src="https://s1.ax1x.com/2020/09/17/wWvL0P.png" alt="点对点"></p>
<p><strong>发布订阅模型(Publish/Subscribe)</strong></p>
<p>发布者发送到 topic 的消息,只有订阅了 topic 的订阅者才会收到消息。</p>
<p><img src="https://s1.ax1x.com/2020/09/17/wWxsN8.png" alt="发布订阅"></p>
<h2 id="安装ActiveMQ"><a href="#安装ActiveMQ" class="headerlink" title="安装ActiveMQ"></a>安装ActiveMQ</h2><p>ActiveMQ 官网: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://activemq.apache.org/">http://activemq.apache.org</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>ActiveMQ5.10.x 以上版本必须使用 JDK1.8 才能正常使用。<br>ActiveMQ5.9.x 及以下版本使用 JDK1.7 即可正常使用。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>上传到linux系统中后，运行<code>tar -zxf apache-activemq-5.9.0-bin.tar.gz</code>把压缩包解压</p>
<p>如果权限不够需要手动授予权限<code>sudo chmod 755 xxxxx</code></p>
<p>进入<code>bin</code>目录中运行<code>./activemq start</code>即可运行</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token comment"># 启动</span>
./activemq start
<span class="token comment"># 重启</span>
./activemq restart
<span class="token comment"># 停止</span>
./activemq restart<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><strong>修改访问端口</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>修改 ActiveMQ 配置文件: <code>软件根目录/conf/jetty.xml</code></p>
<p>正常情况下是</p>
<pre><code>&lt;bean id=&quot;jettyPort&quot; class=&quot;org.apache.activemq.web.WebConsolePort&quot; init-method=&quot;start&quot;&gt;
         &lt;!-- the default port number for the web console --&gt;
    &lt;property name=&quot;port&quot; value=&quot;8161&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/bean&gt;</code></pre>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>修改服务端口</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>配置文件 <code>activemq.xml</code><br>配置文件中,配置的是 ActiveMQ 的核心配置信息. 是提供服务时使用的配置. 可以修改<br>启动的访问端口. 即 java 编程中访问 ActiveMQ 的访问端口.<br>默认端口为 61616.<br>使用协议是: tcp 协议.<br>修改端口后, 保存并重启 ActiveMQ 服务即可.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>修改用户名密码</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>修改 <code>conf/users.properties</code> 配置文件.内容为: 用户名=密码<br>保存并重启 ActiveMQ 服务即可.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>目录介绍</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>bin 存放的是脚本文件</li>
<li>conf 存放的是基本配置文件</li>
<li>data 存放的是日志文件</li>
<li>docs 存放的是说明文档</li>
<li>examples 存放的是简单的实例</li>
<li>lib 存放的是 activemq 所需 jar 包</li>
<li>webapps 用于存放项目的目录 </li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="术语"><a href="#术语" class="headerlink" title="术语"></a>术语</h2><ul>
<li><p>Destination</p>
<blockquote>
<p>目的地，JMS Provider负责维护，用于对Message进行管理的对象。MessageProducer需要指定Destination才能发送消息，MessageReceiver需要指定Destination才能接收消息</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>Producer/Provider</p>
<blockquote>
<p>消息生产者</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>Consumer/Receiver</p>
<blockquote>
<p>消息获取者，从目的地中【处理|监听|订阅】message</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>Message</p>
<blockquote>
<p>消息封装一次通信的内容</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="常用API"><a href="#常用API" class="headerlink" title="常用API"></a>常用API</h2><ol>
<li><p>ConnectionFactory</p>
<p> 链接工厂, 用于创建链接的工厂类型.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Connection</p>
<p> 由链接工厂创建，用于访问ActiveMQ链接的类型</p>
</li>
<li><p>Session</p>
<p> 会话，一次持久有效有状态的访问，由链接创建</p>
</li>
<li><p>Destination &amp; Queue</p>
<p> 目的地，用于描述本次访问ActiveMQ的消息访问目的地，即ActiveMQ服务中的具体队列，由会话创建</p>
</li>
<li><p>MessageProducer</p>
<p> 消息生产者，在一次有效的会话中用于发送消息给ActiveMQ</p>
</li>
<li><p>MessageConsumer</p>
<p> 消息消费者【订阅者，处理者】，在一次有效的会话中，用于从ActiveMQ服务中获取消息的工具，由会话创建</p>
</li>
<li><p>Message</p>
<p> 消息，通过消息生产者向MQ服务发送消息时使用的数据载体对象或者消息消费者从MQ服务中获取消息时使用的数据载体对象，时所有消息具体类型的顶级接口，可以通过会话创建或者通过会话从MQ服务中获取 </p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="五种消息体格式"><a href="#五种消息体格式" class="headerlink" title="五种消息体格式"></a>五种消息体格式</h2><ul>
<li><p>TextMessage</p>
<blockquote>
<p>普通字符串消息，包含一个string</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>MapMessage</p>
<blockquote>
<p>一个Map类型的消息，key是String类型，而值为Java的基本类型</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>BytesMessage</p>
<blockquote>
<p>二进制数组消息，包含一个byte[]</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>StreamMessage</p>
<blockquote>
<p>java数据流消息，用标准流操作来顺序的填充和读取</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>ObjectMessage</p>
<blockquote>
<p>对象消息，包含一个可序列化的java对象</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>消息属性</strong><br>他们是以属性名和属性值对的形式指定的。可以 将属性是为 消息头得扩展，属性指定一些消息头没有包 括的附加信息，比如可以在属性里指定消息选择器。</p>
<p>消息的属性就像可以分配给一条消息的附加消息头一样。他们允许开发者添加有关消息的不透明附加信息。</p>
<p>它们还用于暴露消息选择器在消息过滤时使用的数据。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token class-name">TextMessage</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTextMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
message<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setText</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>text<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
message<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setStringProperty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"username"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"kuangshen"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 自定义属性</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>


<h2 id="简单案例"><a href="#简单案例" class="headerlink" title="简单案例"></a>简单案例</h2><blockquote>
<ul>
<li>创建producer模块<ul>
<li>测试发送文本消息</li>
<li>测试发送消息对象<ul>
<li>实现Serializable接口，序列化</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>创建consumer模块<ul>
<li>测试接收文本消息</li>
<li>测试接收消息对象</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>消息发送模块</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>引入ActiveMQ的maven坐标</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-xml" data-language="xml"><code class="language-xml"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
    <span class="token comment">&lt;!-- ActiveMQ所依赖的jar包 --></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>org.apache.activemq<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>activemq-all<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>5.9.0<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="2">
<li><p>测试发送文本信息功能</p>
 <pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment">/**
    * 生产消息
    */</span>
   <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">sendHelloWorldActiveMQ</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
       <span class="token comment">// 定义链接工厂</span>
       <span class="token class-name">ConnectionFactory</span> connectionFactory <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
       <span class="token comment">// 链接对象</span>
       <span class="token class-name">Connection</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
       <span class="token comment">// 会话对象</span>
       <span class="token class-name">Session</span> session <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
       <span class="token comment">// 目的地</span>
       <span class="token class-name">Destination</span> destination <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
       <span class="token comment">// 消息的发送者</span>
       <span class="token class-name">MessageProducer</span> messageProducer <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
       <span class="token comment">// 定义消息</span>
       <span class="token class-name">Message</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    
       <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
           <span class="token comment">/**
            * userName:访问ActiveMQ服务的用户名，默认admin,可以在jetty-ream.properties中修改
            * password:访问ActiveMQ服务的用户名，默认admin,可以在jetty-ream.properties中修改
            * brokerURL: 访问ActiveMQ服务的路径地址，路径结构为协议名：//主机地址：端口号
            */</span>
           connectionFactory <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ActiveMQConnectionFactory</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"admin"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"admin"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"failover:(tcp://localhost:61616)"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
           connection <span class="token operator">=</span> connectionFactory<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
           <span class="token comment">//启动链接</span>
           connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
           <span class="token comment">/**
            * transacted 是否使用事务，消息原子化，配合事务提交来进行 批量和发送和每个发送
            *      true  会一个消息确认机制
            *      false
            * acknowledgeMode
            *      static final int AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE = 1; 自动消息确认
            *
            *      static final int CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE = 2; 客户端确认
            *
            *      static final int DUPS_OK_ACKNOWLEDGE = 3; 有副本的客户端确认消息机制
            *
            *      static final int SESSION_TRANSACTED = 0; session已处理的
            */</span>
           session <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createSession</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token class-name">Session</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
           <span class="token comment">// 创建目的地，即队列</span>
           destination <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createQueue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"helloworld-distination"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
           <span class="token comment">// 创建消息生产者 需要提供目的地</span>
           messageProducer <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createProducer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>destination<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
           <span class="token comment">// 创建消息对象</span>
           message <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTextMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>msg<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    
           <span class="token comment">//发送消息</span>
           messageProducer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
       <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Exception</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
           e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
       <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token keyword">finally</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
           <span class="token comment">// 回收消息发送者</span>
           <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageProducer<span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
               <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                   messageProducer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
               <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">JMSException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                   e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
               <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
           <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
           <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>session<span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
               <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                   session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
               <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">JMSException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                   e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
               <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
           <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
           <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
               <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                   connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
               <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">JMSException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                   e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
               <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
           <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
       <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
   <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>


</li>
</ol>
<ol start="3">
<li><p>测试发送对象信息功能</p>
<blockquote>
<p>首先创建一个user类，并且要<strong>实现序列化接口</strong></p>
<p>其次实现代码:</p>
</blockquote>
 <pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">    
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testConsumer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
     <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
         connectionFactory <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ActiveMQConnectionFactory</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"user"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"user"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"failover:(tcp://localhost:61616)"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    
         connection <span class="token operator">=</span> connectionFactory<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    
         connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    
         session <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createSession</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token class-name">Session</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    
         destination <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createQueue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"my-user"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    
         messageConsumer <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createConsumer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>destination<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    
         message <span class="token operator">=</span> messageConsumer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">receive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
         <span class="token comment">/**
         处理消息类型，转成ObjectMessage
         调用getObject()后，再强转为对应的类型
         */</span>
         <span class="token class-name">ObjectMessage</span> objectMessage <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ObjectMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>message<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

         <span class="token class-name">User</span> user <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">User</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>objectMessage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getObject</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    
    
         <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>user<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    
    
     <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Exception</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
         e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
     <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token keyword">finally</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
         <span class="token comment">// 回收消息发送者</span>
         <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageConsumer<span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
             <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                 messageConsumer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
             <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">JMSException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                 e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
             <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
         <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
         <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>session<span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
             <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                 session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
             <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">JMSException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                 e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
             <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
         <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
         <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
             <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                 connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
             <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">JMSException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                 e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
             <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
         <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
     <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
 <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>


</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>消息接收模块</strong></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-xml" data-language="xml"><code class="language-xml"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
  <span class="token comment">&lt;!-- ActiveMQ所依赖的jar包 --></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>org.apache.activemq<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>activemq-all<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>5.9.0<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
    <span class="token comment">&lt;!-- log4j日志 --></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>log4j<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>log4j<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>1.2.17<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li><p>测试接受文本</p>
<blockquote>
<p>要有对应的对象类，并且实现了序列化</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testConsumer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
     <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
         connectionFactory <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ActiveMQConnectionFactory</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"user"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"user"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"failover:(tcp://localhost:61616)"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

         connection <span class="token operator">=</span> connectionFactory<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

         connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

         session <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createSession</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token class-name">Session</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

         destination <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createQueue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"helloworld-distination"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

         messageConsumer <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createConsumer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>destination<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

         message <span class="token operator">=</span> messageConsumer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">receive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
         <span class="token comment">// 处理消息</span>
         <span class="token class-name">String</span> msg <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TextMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getText</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

         <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>msg<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>


     <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Exception</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
         e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
     <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token keyword">finally</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
         <span class="token comment">// 回收消息发送者</span>
         <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageConsumer<span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
             <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                 messageConsumer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
             <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">JMSException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                 e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
             <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
         <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
         <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>session<span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
             <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                 session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
             <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">JMSException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                 e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
             <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
         <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
         <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
             <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                 connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
             <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">JMSException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                 e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
             <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
         <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
     <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
 <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>


<ul>
<li>测试接收对象</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testConsumer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
       <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
           connectionFactory <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ActiveMQConnectionFactory</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"user"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"user"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"failover:(tcp://localhost:61616)"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

           connection <span class="token operator">=</span> connectionFactory<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

           connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

           session <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createSession</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token class-name">Session</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

           destination <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createQueue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"my-user"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

           messageConsumer <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createConsumer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>destination<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

           message <span class="token operator">=</span> messageConsumer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">receive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
           <span class="token comment">// 处理消息</span>
           <span class="token class-name">ObjectMessage</span> objectMessage <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ObjectMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>message<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

           <span class="token class-name">User</span> user <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">User</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>objectMessage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getObject</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>


           <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>user<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>


       <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Exception</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
           e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
       <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token keyword">finally</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
           <span class="token comment">// 回收消息发送者</span>
           <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageConsumer<span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
               <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                   messageConsumer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
               <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">JMSException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                   e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
               <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
           <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
           <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>session<span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
               <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                   session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
               <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">JMSException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                   e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
               <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
           <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
           <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
               <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                   connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
               <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">JMSException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
                   e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
               <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
           <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
       <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
   <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>


<h3 id="消费者的3大问题"><a href="#消费者的3大问题" class="headerlink" title="消费者的3大问题"></a>消费者的3大问题</h3><ul>
<li>先生产消息，只启动1号消费者，1号消费者可以消费吗？</li>
<li>先生产消息，先启动1号消费者，再启动2号消费者。2号消费者可以消费吗？</li>
<li>先启动两个消费者，再生产6个消息，请问，消费情况如何？</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="实现队列服务监听处理"><a href="#实现队列服务监听处理" class="headerlink" title="实现队列服务监听处理"></a>实现队列服务监听处理</h3><blockquote>
<p>在消费者的那一端实现队列监听，如果队列中存在了消息，就会调用消费者那一端的方法。</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment">/**
在消费者获取消息的时候注册监听即可
*/</span>
messageConsumer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setMessageListener</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">MessageListener</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">onMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 处理消息,对应的业务</span>
        <span class="token class-name">String</span> msg <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
            msg <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TextMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getText</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">JMSException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
            e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
        <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>msg<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>


<h2 id="Topic模型"><a href="#Topic模型" class="headerlink" title="Topic模型"></a>Topic模型</h2><blockquote>
<p>publish / Subscribe 处理模式(Topic)</p>
<p>消息生产者(发布)把消息发布到topic中，同时有多个消息消费者(订阅)改消息.</p>
<ul>
<li><p>和<strong>点对点</strong>方式不同，发布到topic的消息会被<strong>所有订阅者消费</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p>当生产者发布消息，不管有没有消费者，都不会保存消息</p>
</li>
<li><p>一定是先有消息的消费者，后有消息的生产者</p>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="/home/zhy/.config/Typora/typora-user-images/image-20200920182932590.png" alt="发布订阅模式"></p>
<p>代码实现</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment">/**在session创建队列的时候要选择创建topic*/</span>
destination <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTopic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"test-topic"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>比较项目</th>
<th>Topic模式队列</th>
<th>Queue模式队列</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td><strong>工作模式</strong></td>
<td>“订阅-发布”模式，如果当前没有订阅者，消息将会被丢弃，如果有多个订阅者，那么这些订阅者都会收到消息。</td>
<td>负载均衡 模式，如果当前没有消费者，消息也不会丢弃，如果有多个消费者，那么一条消息也只会发送给其中一个消费者，并且要求消费者ack信息。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>有无状态</strong></td>
<td>无状态</td>
<td>Queue 数据默认会在 mq 服务器上以文件形式保存，比如 Active MQ 一般保存在$AMQ_HOME\data\kr-store\data下面，也可以配置成DB存储。</td>
</tr>
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<td>如果没有订阅者，消息会被丢弃</td>
<td>消息不会被丢弃</td>
</tr>
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<td>由于消息要按照订阅者的数量进行复制，所以处理性能会随着订阅者的增加而明显降低，并且还要结合不同消息协议自身的性能差异</td>
<td>由于一条消息只发送给一个消费者，所以就算消费者再多，性能也不会有明显降低。当然不同消息协议的具体性能也是有差异的</td>
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});
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